Introduction 介紹
Background:背景
The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821 and the country became an independent republic in 1838. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979. Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s. Free elections in 1990, 1996, and 2001, saw the Sandinistas defeated, but voting in 2006 announced the return of former Sandinista President Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra. Nicaragua's infrastructure and economy - hard hit by the earlier civil war and by Hurricane Mitch in 1998 - are slowly being rebuilt.
在十六世紀初期從巴拿馬到尼加拉瓜的太平洋岸被設為西班牙殖民地。1821年宣布從西班牙獨立,1838年成為獨立共和政府。英國19世紀前半期佔據迦勒比亞海岸,但是在後來的幾十年逐漸割讓區域控制權。1978年延蔓至所有階級對抗政府操作及腐敗的暴力反對立場造成一個短暫的內戰,並使馬克斯桑定游擊隊員於1979年掌權。尼加拉瓜幫助薩爾瓦多的左派反叛導致美國政府在80年代幫助反桑定政權對抗游擊隊員。1990年、1996和2001年自由選舉中,桑定政權都敗選,但是2006年的大選使得前桑定黨總統Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra宣布重新掌權。尼加拉瓜的基礎建設和經濟在先前的內戰及1988年Mitch颶風嚴重破害-現在都慢慢地重建中。
Geography地理
Location: 位置 | Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras 中美洲,與迦勒比海與北太平洋為界,在哥斯大黎家與宏都拉斯之間。 |
Geographic coordinates: 地理座標 | 13 00 N, 85 00 W 北緯13度,西經85度 |
Map references: 參考地圖 | Central America and the Caribbean 中美洲與迦勒比海 |
Area: 面積 | total: 129,494 sq km land: 120,254 sq km water: 9,240 sq km 全部面積:十二萬九千四百九十四平方公里 陸地面積:十二萬零兩百五十四平方公里 水域面積:九千兩百四十平方公里 |
Area - comparative: 比較面積 | slightly smaller than the state of New York 比紐約州稍小 |
Land boundaries: 邊界 | total: 1,231 km border countries: Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km 邊境長度:一千兩百三十一公里 邊境國家:與哥斯大黎家邊境長度309公里,與宏都拉斯邊境線922公里 |
Coastline: 海岸線 | 910 km 海岸線長度910公里 |
Maritime claims: 海權 | territorial sea: 200 nm continental shelf:natural prolongation 領海:200海浬 大陸礁:陸地領土之自然延伸 |
Climate: 氣候 | tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands 低地屬熱帶,高地較冷 |
0 Comments:
Post a Comment
<< Home